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TOWN AND THEATRES IN PARIS DURING THE SECOND EMPIRE, AN ORGANIZED MUTATION

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Theatre Théâtres -- France -- Paris (France) -- Histoire -- 19e siècle Theatre moderne lieux et gens de theatre theatre et societe Ville Thèses et écrits académiques Paris Architecture Second empire

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Les théâtres et la ville à Paris sous le Second Empire, une mutation organisée

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Les théâtres et la ville à Paris sous le Second Empire, une mutation organisée

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A LA BASE DE CE TRAVAIL, LES RAPPORTS, CONSTITUTIFS ET COMPLEXES, DU THEATRE ET DE LA VILLE. UN LIEU : PARIS. UNE EPOQUE : LE SECOND EMPIRE. ENTRE 1852 ET 1870, LA CARTE THEATRALE PARISIENNE SUBIT UNE SERIE DE TRANSFORMATIONS ESSENTIELLES, PRINCIPALEMENT DUES AUX GRANDS TRAVAUX CONDUITS PAR LE BARON HAUSSMANN, QUI MODIFIENT PROFONDEMENT LE PAYSAGE URBAIN. LE BOULEVARD DU TEMPLE ET SES SEPT THEATRES DISPARAISSENT. ON POSE LA PREMIERE PIERRE D'UN NOUVEL OPERA ET L'ON EDIFIE, AU CENTRE DE PARIS, LES SALLES DE LA PLACE DU CHATELET. DES QUESTIONS SE POSENT ALORS QUANT AU FONCTIONNEMENT MEME DU THEATRE DANS LA CAPITALE. QUELLES SONT LES CONSEQUENCES DES MODIFICATIONS INTERVENUES, TANT SUR LE PLAN THEATRAL QU'HUMAIN ? NE RELEVENT-ELLES PAS DE LA REALITE QUOTIDIENNE COMME DE L'IMAGINAIRE INDIVIDUEL ? POUR Y REPONDRE, IL EST NECESSAIRE DE RECOURIR A UNE METHODE PLURIELLE, QUI FASSE APPEL AUX DIVERSES SCIENCES DE L'HOMME : A L'HISTOIRE COMME A LA SOCIOLOGIE, A L'URBANISME COMME A LA THEATROLOGIE, A LA POETIQUE DE L'ESPACE COMME A LA PHENOMENOLOGIE. L'HISTORIQUE DES FAITS SE DOUBLE D'UNE ETUDE DES DONNEES SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES AINSI QUE D'UNE ANALYSE DES COMPORTEMENTS ET DES MENTALITES. L'ETUDE DES THEATRES DANS LA VILLE CONDUIT A CELLE DE LEURS PUBLICS. THIS RESEARCH WORK IS FOCUSED ON THE CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOWN AND THEATRE IN PARIS DURING THE SECOND EMPIRE. BETWEEN 1852 AND 1870, THE GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF PARISIAN THEATRES UNDERGOES INDEED A SERIES OF VITAL TRANSFORMATIONS, WHICH ARE MOSTLY DUE TO THE HUGE TOWN WORKS CARRIED OUT BY BARON HAUSSMANN'S ADMINISTRATION, RESULTING IN A RADICAL CHANGE IN THE URBAN LANDSCAPE OF THE CAPITAL. THE BOULEVARD DU TEMPLE, TOGETHER WITH ITS SEVEN THEATRES, IS THUS DESROYED. AT THUS DESTROYED. AT THE SAME TIME, A NEW OPERA IS BUILT, AS WELL AS TWO NEW PLAYHOUSES ON THE PLACE DU CHATELET, AT THE VERY CENTRE OF PARIS. A SERIES OF QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE VERY FUNCTIONING OF THEATRE IN THE CAPITAL IS THUS RAISED : WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENSES OF THOSE CHANGES, BOTH ON A THEATRICAL AND A HUMAN LEVEL ? HAVEN'T THEY TO DO WITH DAY-TO-DAY LIFE AS WELL AS WITH INDIVIDUAL IMAGINATION ? ANSWERING THOSE QUESTIONS IMPLIES THE USE OF A PLURAL METHOD, IN WHICH SEVERAL SOCIAL SCIENCES ARE INVOLVED : HISTORY AS WELL AS SOCIOLOGY, TOWN PLANNING AS WELL AS THEATROLOGY, THE POETICS OF SPACE AS WELL AS PHENOMENOLOGY. FACTUAL HISTORY IS THUS COUPLED WITH A STUDY OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL DATA, BUT ALSO WITH AN ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOUR AND MENTALITY. THE STUDY OF THEATRES IN THE CITY IMPLIES THAT OF THEIR AUDIENCES

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1990

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