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| - LA PRESENTE RECHERCHE, MOTIVEE PAR LE ROLE IMPORTANT JOUE PAR LA DURANCE DANS L'ANCIENNE PROVENCE ET PAR L'ABSENCE D'ETUDES GLOBALES SUR LES BACS QUI Y FURENT ETABLIS, S'INSCRIT DANS LE CADRE DE L'INTERET CROISSANT PORTE PAR LES ACTEURS DE LA RECHERCHE ARCHEOLOGIQUE A L'EGARD DES COURS D'EAU ET, EN PARTICULIER, DES FRANCHISSEMENTS. LES INFORMATIONS LIVREES PAR LES SOURCES (ESSENTIELLEMENT DES ARCHIVES ALLANT DU MOYEN AGE JUSQU'AU XIXE SIECLE) ONT PERMIS D'ENVISAGER LES BACS SITUES ENTRE AVIGNON ET MANOSQUE A TRAVERS TROIS ASPECTS : - LEUR LOCALISATION, POUR LAQUELLE DES CARACTERISTIQUES GENERALES ONT PU ETRE DETERMINEES A PARTIR D'ETUDES MONOGRAPHIQUES TOUT EN CONSIDERANT L'IMPACT DES BACS DANS LE RESEAU DES COMMUNICATIONS - LEUR FONCTIONNEMENT, A TRAVERS L'IDENTIFICATION DES MOYENS ET DES SYSTEMES MIS EN OEUVRE POUR LA TRAVERSEE AINSI QUE LEUR EVOLUTION AU COURS DES SIECLES ET LEUR NIVEAU D'ADAPTATION AUX CONDITIONS NATURELLES - LEUR MODE D'EXPLOITATION, AVEC L'ETUDE, D'UNE PART, DES PROPRIETAIRES ET DU STATUT DU DROIT DE BAC ET, D'AUTRE PART, DES FERMIERS, EN ENVISAGEANT LES RELATIONS QUI LES LIAIENT LES UNS AUX AUTRES ET EN METTANT EN EVIDENCE LES ROUAGES ECONOMIQUES DES BACS. DE CES DIFFERENTES APPROCHES, SONT RESSORTIES L'IMPORTANCE, L'ORIGINALITE ET LA VALEUR DES BACS DE LA DURANCE. DE FAIT, EN TANT QUE MOYENS DE COMMUNICATION INDISPENSABLES, CES BACS CONSTITUAIENT DE VERITABLES ENJEUX AUSSI BIEN A L'ECHELLE LOCALE QUE REGIONALE. EN OUTRE, LA NECESSAIRE ADAPTATION AU MILIEU NATUREL DONNA LIEU A LA MISE EN PLACE D'UN SYSTEME DE FRANCHISSEMENT A COMPOSANTES MULTIPLES ET VARIABLES. ENFIN, POUR LES HOMMES QUI S'IMPLIQUERENT DANS CES PASSAGES, ILS REPRESENTERENT UN INTERET CERTAIN AINSI QU'EN TEMOIGNENT LES NOMBREUX LITIGES ET LUTTES D'INFLUENCE DONT ILS FIRENT L'OBJET. DE FACON PLUS GENERALE, CETTE ANALYSE MONTRE L'INTERET ET LA NECESSITE DE MENER DES RECHERCHES SUR CES ANCIENS TYPES DE FRANCHISSEMENT.
- THE PRESENT RESEARCH IS JUSTIFIED BY THE IMPORTANT PART PLAYED BY THE \"DURANCE\" IN THE OLD PROVENCE AND, FURTHERMORE, BY THE LACK OF EXTENSIVE STUDIES ABOUT FERRIES WHICH WERE ESTABLISHED THERE AND IT TAKES ITS PLACE INTO GROWING INTEREST TAKEN BY ARCHAELOGISTS IN RIVERS AND, ESPECIALLY, IN CROSSINGS. INFORMATIONS DELIVERED BY THE SOURCES (WHICH ARE MOSTLY ARCHIVES FROM MIDDLE AGES TO XIXTH CENTURY) HAVE ALLOWED US TO CONSIDER FERRIES LOCATED BETWEEN AVIGNON AND MANOSQUE ACCORDING TO THREE ASPECTS : - THEIR LOCATION, FOR WHICH GENERAL CARACTERISTICS HAVE BEEN POSSIBLY DETERMINATED FROM STUDIES OF MONOGRAPHS, TAKING ALSO INTO CONSIDERATION THE INFLUENCE OF FERRIES ON NETWORK OF COMMUNICATION - THEIR FUNCTIONING ENLIGHTEN BY THE IDENTIFICATION OF MEANS AND SYSTEMS SET UP FOR THE CROSSING AND BY THEIR DEVELOPMENT OVER THE CENTURIES, IN ADDITION TO THEIR LEVEL OF ADAPTABILITY TO NATURAL CONDITIONS - THEIR METHOD OF OPERATING WITH, ON THE ONE HAND, THE DEAL OF THE OWNERS AND THE STATUS OF THE \"RIGHT OF FERRIES\" AND, ON THE OTHER HAND, THE DEAL OF TENANTS AND, FINALLY, OF THEIR BOTH RELATIONSHIPS, ALSO DISPLAYING THE ECONOMIC WORKING OF FERRIES. THESE VARIOUS ASPECTS HAVE SHOWED CLEARLY THE IMPORTANCE, THE ORIGINALITY AND THE VALUE OF DURANCE'FERRIES. INDEED, CONSIDERED AS ESSENTIAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION, THESE FERRIES REPRESENTED REAL STAKES ON A REGIONAL SCALE AS WELL AS A LOCAL ONE. MOREOVER, THE NECESSARY ADAPTATION TO ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CAUSED THE INSTALLATION OF A CROSSING SYSTEM WITH MANY AND VARIED CONSTITUENTS. FINALLY, THESE CROSSINGS, FOR PEOPLE WHO GET INVOLVED IN, REPRESENTED A GREAT INTEREST AS THE NUMEROUS DISPUTES AND FIGHTS FOR DOMINATION WHICH HAVE EXISTED ABOUT THEM SHOW. MORE GENERALLY, THIS STUDY ENLIGHTS THE INTEREST AND THE NECESSITY OF DOING RESEARCHS ON THESE ANCIENT TYPES OF CROSSINGS.
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