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| - L'ANALYSE DE LA FORMATION ET DE L'EVOLUTION DU RAPPORT SALARIAL SECTORIEL S'APPUIE SUR DEUX PERIODES CARACTERISTIQUES DU SECTEUR DES SERVICES DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS FRANCAIS. LA PREMIERE PERIODE ETUDIEE EST CELLE DU RATTRAPAGE TELEPHONIQUE. LA QUESTION ESSENTIELLE EST CELLE DE L'ORIGINE DE L'EFFICACITE PRODUCTIVE INATTENDUE DE CETTE PERIODE CLE. APRES AVOIR MONTRE LES FONDEMENTS HISTORIQUES DE LA STRUCTURATION DU RESEAU DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS, L'ANALYSE DU RAPPORT SALARIAL ADMINISTRE ECLAIRE SIMULTANEMENT LES FONDEMENTS INSTITUTIONNELS DE L'ORGANISATION SECTORIELLE ET LA REALITE DES INCITATIONS MISES EN OEUVRE. A PARTIR DU STATUT DE LA FONCTION PUBLIQUE ET DE L'ORGANISATION MONOPOLISTIQUE, INSTITUTIONS FONDATRICES DE LA RELATION D'EMPLOI DANS LES TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ON ANALYSE LE MARCHE INTERNE (ORGANISATION DE LA MOBILITE INTERNE A L'INTERIEUR DU SYSTEME DE CARRIERES), PUIS LES VALEURS SECTORIELLES CARACTERISTIQUES. ON MONTRE AINSI QUE LA CONJONCTION DE LA GESTION ADMINISTRATIVE DES EMPLOIS ET DES SALAIRES ET DE LA CULTURE TECHNIQUE DOMINANTE EST A L'ORIGINE D'UNE EFFICACITE PRODUCTIVE, BASEE SUR DEUX CONVENTIONS SECTORIELLES SPECIFIQUES : UNE CONVENTION DE PRODUCTIVITE, FONDEE SUR L'OBJECTIF PRIORITAIRE DE CROISSANCE DU RESEAU QUI ACCEDE AINSI AU STATUT DE REGLE, ET UNE CONVENTION DE CROISSANCE, ALTERNATIVE A LA CONVENTION DE CHOMAGE. LES GAINS DE PRODUCTIVITE NE SONT PAS REPERCUTES DANS DES AUGMENTATIONS DE SALAIRE, MAIS ALIMENTENT LA CROISSANCE DU CHAMP D'ACTIVITE ET L'INNOVATION. LA RIGIDITE A LA BAISSE DU VOLUME DE TRAVAIL EST DONC TRADUITE DANS UNE CONVENTION SECTORIELLE A LA FOIS REFLET ET APPROFONDISSEMENT DE LA TRADITION CULTURELLE TECHNIQUE. LA SECONDE PARTIE DE LA THESE ANALYSE LA FRAGMENTATION DU RAPPORT SALARIAL ADMINISTRE, DANS UN CONTEXTE DE DEREGLEMENTATION INTERNATIONALE ET DE DUALISATION DES STRUCTURES D'OFFRE. ON CARACTERISE ALORS UN RAPPORT SALARIAL DE COMPLEMENTARITE ENTRE LE CENTRE (MARCHE INTERNE) ET LA PERIPHERIE (MARCHE EXTERNE VALORISE), DANS LEQUEL S'EXPRIME LA DIVERSITE SECTORIELLE NAISSANTE, BASEE SUR LA COMPLEMENTARITE DES COMPETENCES GESTIONNAIRES ET INNOVATRICES, DANS UNE SITUATION CONCURRENTIELLE INEDITE.
- FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE WAGE LABOR RELATION ARE ANALYSED THROUGH TWO CARACTERISTIC PERIODS OF THE FRENCH TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES SECTOR. THE FIRST PERIOD STUDIED IS THE ONE OF THE LARGE DIFFUSION OF TELEPHON SERVICES OF THE SEVENTIES. THE ORIGIN OF THE UNEXPECTED PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IS THE BASIC QUESTION OF THIS KEY PERIOD. AFTER HAVING SHOWN THE HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK STRUCTURATION, THE ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATED WAGE LABOR RELATION HILIGHT IN THE SA ME TIME INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SECTORIAL ORGANIZATION AND THE MECHANICS OF THE GIVEN INCENTIVES. FROM PUBLIC STATUS AND MONOPOLISTIC ORGANIZATION, WHICH ARE THE FOUNDER INSTITUTIONS OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP, WE ANALYSE THE INTERNAL LABOR MARKET (ORGANIZATION OF INTERNAL MOBILITY WITHIN THE CAREER SYSTEM), THEN THE COMMON SECTORIAL VALUES. WE SHOW THEN THAT THE CONJUNCTION OF ADMINISTRATED MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES, WITH THE PREVAILING TECHNICAL VALUES, IS AT THE ORIGIN OF A PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY, BASED ON TWO SPECIFIC SECTORIAL CONVENTIONS : A CONVENTION OF PRODUCTIVITY, FOUNDED ON THE PRIORITARY OBJECTIVE OF NETWORK GROWTH, THAT ACCEDE TO THE STATUS OF RULE; AND A GROWTH CONVENTION, ALTERNATIVE TO UNEMPLOYMENT CONVENTION. PRODUCTIVITY GAINS ARE NOT REDISTRIBUTED IN WAGE INCREASES, BUT STRENGTHEN THE GROWTH OF THE SPHERE OF ACTIVITY AND THE INNOVATION. THE IMPOSSIBILITY TO REDUCE THE VOLUME OF LABOR IS TRANSLATED IN A SECTORIAL CONVENTION WHICH IS SIMULTANEOUSLY THE SYMBOL AND THE DEEPENING OF THE TECHNICAL CULTURAL TRADITION. THE SECOND PART OF THE THESIS ANALYSES TEH BREAKING UP OF THE ADMINISTRATED WAGE LABOR RELATION, IN A CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL DEREGULATION AND DUALISTIC INDUSTRY STRUCTURE. THEN, WE CARACTERIZE A COMPLEMENTARY WAGE LABOR RELATION BETWEEN THE CENTER (INTERNAL LABOR MARKET) AND THE SO CALLED \"PERIPHERY\" (VALORIZED EXTERNAL LABOR MARKET). THIS MODEL EXPRESS THE NEW SECTORIAL DIVERSITY, BASED ON COMPLEMENTARITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND INNOVATORY SKILLS, IN AN ORIGINAL COMPETITIVE SITUATION.
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