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| - D'UN COTE, L'ENQUETE D'HERODOTE RAPPORTE LES PROJETS DE DOMINATION QUI, DE CRESUS A XERXES, CONSTITUENT LA TRAME DES RAPPORTS ENTRE GRECS ET BARBARES. MAIS, DE L'AUTRE, DE LARGES SECTIONS DECRIVENT LES COUTUMES ET L'ESPACE DE NOMBREUX PEUPLES DES QUE LA CONQUETE LES MENACE. CETTE DYNAMIQUE S'ENRACINE DANS LES CONDITIONS MATERIELLES DE CREATION ET DE LECTURE AU CINQUIEME SIECLE AVANT J.-C., QUI ONT GUIDE LE DEPLOIEMENT DU SENS -, ET DANS LES HERITAGES NARRATIFS TRANSFORMES PAR HORODOTE (VIES, AINOS, CATALOGUES, ...). SUR CE SUBSTRAT, SE DEGAGENT TROIS SCHEMES : LA CONQUETE, L'INSULARITE, L'ALTERITE. OR AUCUN CONQUERANT N'EST GLORIFIE NI PRESENTE COMME UN VAINQUEUR, TANDIS QUE LES PEUPLES VISES OPPOSENT LA SINGULARITE DE LEUR ESPACE ET L'ETRANGETE DE LEURS COUTUMES, SOIT UN GENRE DE VIE DEVENU STRATEGIE DE RESISTANCE, EN ASSOCIANT PARTICULARISME INSULAIRE ET FUITE CALCULEE SUR LE MODELE NOMADE. LES GRECS, DE MEME, TANTOT CONQUERANTS INSATIABLES MAIS DEFAITS, TANTOT RESISTANTS INVAINUS, CONTRIBUENT A MONTRER QUE, CHEZ HERODOTE, L'AUTRE A LE VISAGE DE CELUI QUI RESISTE PLUTOT QUE DU BARBARE. IL S'AGIT DONC BIEN D'UNE AUTRE ECRITURE DU PASSE, QUI SAUVE DE L'OUBLI TOUS LES PEUPLES DECRITS, NON LES HAUTS FAITS DES ROIS. LES MEMES IMAGES SONT EMPLOYEES POUR DECRIRE LA RESISTANCE INSULAIRE ET NOMADE, ET POUR DIRE LE CHEMINEMENT DE L'ECRITURE, AINSI EN RELATION D'HOMOLOGIE AVEC SON OBJET. L'ANALYSE S'APPUIE SUR UNE APPROCHE PHILOLOGIQUE DES CHAMPS LEXICAUX, SUR LES STRUCTURES NARRATIVE ET SUR LES CATEGORIES DE L'ANTHROPOLOGIE POUR DETERMINER L'IMAGINAIRE DES FORMES D'UN RECIT HISTORIOGRAPHIQUE.
- ON ONE HAND, HERODOTUS' INQUIRY REPORTS THE PLAN OF DOMINATION WHICH FROM CROESUS TO XERXES COMPOSES THE SYSTEM OF THE RELATION BETWEEN GREEKS AND BARBARIANS. BUT ON THE OTHER HAND, LARGE SECTIONS DESCRIBE CUSTOMS AND MANY PEOPLE'S AREA WHEN THEY ARE THREATENED BY CONQUEST. THIS DISCREPANCY HAS ITS ROOTS IN THE MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF CREATIVITY AND READING IN THE FIFTH CENTURY B. C. -, AND TO THE NARRATIVE FORMS AVAILABLE TO HERODOTUS (LIVRES, AINOS, LISTS, ...). FROM THIS SUBSTRATUM, THREE FIGURES ARE BROUGHT TO THE FORE : CONQUEST, INSULARITY, ALGERITY. HOWEVER, NO CONQUEROR WAS PRAISED NOR SPOKEN OF AS A VICTOR, WHILE PEOPLE SHOWN OPPOSED THEIR INDIVIDUAL SPACE AND THEIR PECULIAR CUSTOMS, THAT IS TO SAY A WAY OF LIFE SET UP AS A STRATEGY OF RESISTANCE. ALL OF THEM OPPOSED BECAUSE THEY COMBINED THE SPECIFIC ISLAND'S INSULARITY WITH THEIR ESCAPE MODELLED ON THE NOMADIC EXAMPLE. GREEKS ALSO, NOW INSATIABLE BUT DEFEATED CONQUERORS, NOW UNCONQUERED FIGHTERS, CONTRIBUTE, IN HERODOTUS, TO PROVE THAT THE OTHER IS LOOKING LIKE THE FIGHTER RATHER THAN THE BARBARIAN. SO IT IS REALLY ANOTHER MANNER OF DESCRIBING THE PAST, WHICH BRINGS OUT OF OBLIVION ALL THE PEOPLE DESCRIBED, NOT THE HEROIC DEEDS OF THE KINGS. THE SAME IMAGES ARE USED TO DESCRIBE THE INSULAR AND NOMADIC RESISTANCE AND TO SHOW THE PROGRESSION OF WRITING, THUS IN RELATION OF HOMOLOGY WITH ITS OBJECT. THE ANALYSIS USES A PHILOLOGICAL APPROACH OF LEXICAL AREAS, THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURES AND THE CATEGORIES OF ANTHROPOLOGY TO ESTABLISH FORM'S IMAGINARY ABOUT AN HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT.
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