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| - i LE PARASITISME GASTRO-INTESTINAL (PGI) EST UN PROBLEME MAJEUR DE SANTE ET DE BIEN-ETRE DES RUMINANTS D'ELEVAGE. LA CHIMIOPROPHYLAXIE A MENE A L'EMERGENCE DE RESISTANCES DES STRONGLES, CONDUISANT A LA RECHERCHE DE SOLUTIONS ALTERNATIVES POUR LUTTER CONTRE LE PGI DES RUMINANTS. L'OBJECTIF DE CE TRAVAIL DE THESE EST D'ETUDIER L'ACTIVITE NEMATICIDE DE RESSOURCES VEGETALES CONTRE HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS (H.C.), PUIS DE CARACTERISER LA CLASSE CHIMIQUE RESPONSABLE DE L'ACTIVITE, ET D'EXPLIQUER LE MODE D'ACTION. L'ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE MONTRE QUE LES REGIONS ANTILLES-GUYANE DISPOSENT D'UN ARSENAL VEGETAL VISANT UN LARGE PANEL DE PATHOLOGIES VETERINAIRES. UN SCREENING IN VITRO DE 14 PLANTES SUR LE MODELE H.C. A MONTRE POUR CHACUNE, UN EFFET SUR AU MOINS UN STADE PARASITAIRE, L'ETUDE DES 4 PLANTES: CUCURBITA MOSCHATA, TABERNAEMONTANA CITRIFOUA, MUSA X PARADISIACA ET MANIHOT ESCULENTA, A MIS EN EVIDENCE LA SPECIFICITE DE METABOLITES SECONDAIRES VIS-A-VIS DES STADES PARASITAIRES. LES ALCAL0ÏDES INDOLIQUES AGISSANT SUR LES 4 STADES, LES FLAVONOIDES ET TERPENOÏDES AFFECTANT LE STADE ADULTE, TANDIS QUE LES TANINS CONDENSES, COMPOSES AMINES. FLAVONOIDES ET TERPENOÏDES AYANT TOUS UN IMPACT SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT LARVAIRE. LES DEUX MODELES EVALUES IN VIVO (MUSA X PARADISIACA ET MANIHOT ESCULENTA). EN PLUS DE LEURS POTENTIELS NEMATICIDE ET NUTRITIONNEL, PERMETTENT LA VALORISATION DE CO-PRODUITS DE PRODUCTIONS VEGETALES AGRiCOLES. EN CONCLUSION, UNE APPROCHE GLOBALE PRENANT EN COMPTE LES POTENTIELS ANTIPARASITAIRE, IMMUNOMODULATEUR, NUTRITIONNEL ET ECONOMIQUE, PERMETTRAIT D'INTEGRER LES· RESSOURCES VEGETALES DANS LES SYSTEMES DE PRODUCTION ANIMALE EN DIMINUANT LES CONSOMMABLES AGRICOLES.
- GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITISM (GIP) IS A MAJOR HEALTH AND WELFARE PTOBLEM OF FARMED RUMINANTS. CHEMOTHERAPY LED TO THE EMERGENCE OF RESiSTANCE OF STRONGYLES. LEADING TO THE SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO FIGHT AGAINST GIP OF RUMINANTS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS THESIS IS TO STUDY THE NEMATICIDAL ACTIVllY OF PLANT RESOURCES AGAINST HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS (H.C,lAND CHARACTERIZE THE CHEMICAL CLASS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTlVlTY, AND THEN EXPLAIN THE MODE OF ACTION. THE LITERATURE REVlEW SHOWED THAT THE ANTILLES-GUYANE REGIONS HAVE A PLANT ARSENAL FOR A WIDE RANGE OF VETERlNARY DISEASES. AN IN VITRO SCREENING OF 14 PLANTS ON THE MODEL. H.C, SHOWED FOR EACH, AN EFFECT ON AT LEAST ONE PARASITE STAGE. THE STUDY OF 4 PLANTS: CUCURBITA MOSCHATA, TABERNAEMONTANA CITRIFOLIA. MUSA X PARADISlACA AND MANIHOT ESCULENTA, DEMONSTRATED THE SPECIFICITY OF SECONDARV METABOLITES WITH RESPECT TO PARASITIC STAGES: INDOLE ALKALOIDS ACTING ON 4 STAGES, FLAVONOIDS AND TERPENOIDS AFFECTING THE ADULT STAGE, WHILE, CONDENSED TANNINS, AMINO COMPOUNDS, FLAVONOID AND TERPENOID COMPOUNDS HAVING AN IMPACT ON THE LARVAL DEVELOPMENT. THE TWO MODELS EVALUATED IN VIVO (MUSA x PARADISIACA AND MANIHOT ESCULENTA). IN ADDITION TO THEIR NUTRITIONAL AND NEMATlCIDAL POTENTIALS, ALLOW RECOVERY OF CO-PRODUCTS FROM AGRICULTURAL CROPS. IN CONCLUSION, A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ANTIPARASITIC, IMMUNOMODULATORY, NUTRITIONAL AND ECONOMIC POTENTIALS. WOULD ALLOW INCORPORATING THE PLANT RESOURCES IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BY REDUCING AGRICULTURAL INPUTS.
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