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Component and configural processes of unfamiliar faces

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Psycho-physiologie neuro-psycho-physiologie psycho-linguistique psycho-generale. ethologie humaine Perception des visages Visage Memoire visuelle Information configurale Representation mnesique Thèses et écrits académiques Psychologie

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Traitement componentiel et configural des visages non familiers

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Traitement componentiel et configural des visages non familiers

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L'objectif ce cette these est de determiner si les differents traits faciaux sont traites independamment les uns des autres ou s'ils interagissent pour former un ensemble traite comme un tout unitaire. Une premiere partie comporte plusieurs chapitres de revue de question des recherches portant sur la perception des visages. Des problemes de definition et des questions methodologiques relatifs a la nature des traitements componentiels et configuraux des visages sont abordes. Ils sont suivis d'une presentation des etudes relatives a l'effet de la presentation de visages en negatif, a celui des consignes d'encodage et aux effets d'inversion. Enfin, l'\"approche frequentielle\" de la perception des visages, c'est-a-dire une description des visages en terme de leur spectre d'amplitude de frequences spatiales et de leurs traitements neuro-sensoriels sont abordes. Les resultats de trois experimentations de reconnaissance differee de visages non familiers utilisant le paradigme identique different montrent : - que l7effet d'inversion perturbe de facon specifique le traitement des frequences basses; - que les informations configurales, vehiculees par les frequences basses sont encodees avant les informations componentielles vehiculees par les frequences hautes; - qu'une augmentation de la duree de presentation reduit la difference entre ces deux types de traitement. Il est suggere qu'il pourrait y avoir recuperation par le systeme visuel de l'information frequences basses a partir des frequences elevees. Le format de stockage mnesique des visages non familiers serait ainsi principalement de type frequences basses. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether different facial features are processed independently of one another, or whether the features together interact to create some kind of whole which is treated as a unit. A first part comprises several chapters of question review of research related to face perception. Definition problems and methodological questions connected with nature of component and configural processes are approached. They are followed by a presentation of studies related to effect of presentation of negative faces, to orienting tasks' effect and to upside-down' effects. Finally, spatial frequency approach of face perception, that is a description of faces in terms of spatial frequency amplitude spectrum and of neuro-sensorial processes is approached. Results of three experiments of delayed recognition of unfamiliar faces using 'same-different' paradigm shows : - that inversion effect disrupts specifically low frequencies process; - that configural onformation, conveyed by low frequencies are encoded before component information, transmitted by high frequencies; - that an increase in exposure duration reduces difference between these two types of processes. It is suggested that visual system could retrieve low frequencie information from high frequencies. The format of representations of unfamiliar faces in memory may be primarily of low frequancies.

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Text

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1993

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