"Text" . "La conversion de la biomasse ligno-cellulosique en carburants liquides peut \u00EAtre r\u00E9alis\u00E9e par traitement des bio-huiles obtenues par pyrolyse de cette biomasse. Ces bio-huiles subissent une HydroD\u00E9sOxyg\u00E9nation (HDO) en pr\u00E9sence de catalyseurs d\u2019hydrotraitement conventionnels, et l\u2019oxyg\u00E8ne est \u00E9limin\u00E9 sous forme d\u2019eau ou d\u2019oxydes de carbone. Le probl\u00E8me de la stabilit\u00E9 de ces catalyseurs en pr\u00E9sence de compos\u00E9s ph\u00E9noliques et d\u2019eau, produit principal de la r\u00E9action d\u2019HDO, est un des points cl\u00E9s dont d\u00E9pend la viabilit\u00E9 du proc\u00E9d\u00E9. La stabilit\u00E9 des catalyseurs (Co)Mo sulfur\u00E9s a \u00E9t\u00E9 \u00E9tudi\u00E9es par adsorption de compos\u00E9s oxyg\u00E9n\u00E9s ((\u00E9thyl)ph\u00E9nol, guaiacol, eau), et de CO, suivie par spectroscopie infrarouge. Sur un catalyseur CoMo/Al2O3 sulfur\u00E9, les compos\u00E9s oxyg\u00E9n\u00E9s interagissent principalement avec le support par une r\u00E9action dissociative conduisant \u00E0 la formation d\u2019esp\u00E8ces ph\u00E9nate fortement adsorb\u00E9es. Ils n\u2019interagissent pas fortement avec la surface. La diminution d\u2019accessibilit\u00E9 des sites sulfures pour l\u2019adsorption de CO s\u2019explique par un empoisonnement indirect des sites de bords par les esp\u00E8ces ph\u00E9nates ancr\u00E9es sur le support. La pr\u00E9sence d\u2019eau provoque aussi une forte et irr\u00E9versible diminution du nombre de sites Mo non promus, alors que celle des sites promus (Co) est plus faible et totalement r\u00E9versible. Par cons\u00E9quent, la diminution du nombre d\u2019esp\u00E8ces de type ph\u00E9nate adsorb\u00E9es sur l\u2019alumine en diminuant celui des paires acide-base est un moyen de diminuer la d\u00E9sactivation. Ce r\u00E9sultat peut \u00EAtre obtenu en utilisant la silice comme support, \u00E0 condition de d\u00E9velopper une m\u00E9thode permettant d\u2019y d\u00E9poser une phase sulfure hautement dispers\u00E9e. En cons\u00E9quence la voie la plus prometteuse pour limiter la formation de ph\u00E9nates semble \u00EAtre l\u2019incorporation de fluor \u00E0 l\u2019alumine." . "The conversion of ligno-cellulosic biomass into liquid fuels may be achieved by treatment of bio-oils produced by pyrolysis of this biomass. Those bio-oils are upgraded by HydroDeOxygenation (HDO) in presence of conventional hydrotreating catalyst in sulfided form, where the oxygen can be removed through water and/or carbon oxides production. The question of the stability of these catalysts in the presence of phenolic compounds and water, a major product of HDO reaction, is one of the key points that will determine the viability of this process. The stability of sulfided (Co)Mo catalysts was investigated using oxygenated compounds ((ethyl)phenol, guaiacol, water) and CO adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy. On a sulfided CoMo catalyst supported on alumina, oxygenated compounds mainly interact with alumina support through dissociative mechanism leading to the formation of strongly adsorbed phenate type species, whereas they do not interact strongly with the sulfide phase. The decrease of the accessibility to CO adsorption of the sulfide sites after contact with oxygenated compounds is explained by indirect poisoning of the sulfide edge sites by phenate type species anchored on the support. The influence of water also leads to a strong and irreversible decrease in the number of unpromoted Mo sites, while the poisoning of the Co-promoted sites occurs to a lower extent and is fully reversible. Consequently, the decrease of the amount of phenate type species anchored on the alumina support by decreasing the amount or strength of the acid-base paired sites of the support is a way to limit deactivation. This could be achieved using silica as support, whereas a preparation route allowing the deposition of highly dispersed sulfide phase on silica should be developed. Consequently, the most promising route to limit phenates formation while maintaining the sulfide phase dispersion of CoMo catalyst will be the incorporation of fluorine in alumina." . . . . "Monoxyde de carbone" . . . "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge de catalyseurs pour l\u2019hydrod\u00E9soxyg\u00E9nation d\u2019huiles issues de la biomasse de 2nde g\u00E9n\u00E9ration" . . "Etude par spectroscopie infrarouge de catalyseurs pour l\u2019hydrod\u00E9soxyg\u00E9nation d\u2019huiles issues de la biomasse de 2nde g\u00E9n\u00E9ration" . "Ph\u00E9nols" . . . . . "2011" . "Catalyseurs au cobalt" . . . "IR Spectroscopy study of catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of 2nd generation bio-oils issued from biomass" . "Spectroscopie infrarouge" . . "Th\u00E8ses et \u00E9crits acad\u00E9miques" . .